Tuesday, December 24, 2019

How Celebrities Presented Through Mass Media - 1278 Words

Library Research Project My research question is, â€Å"How are celebrities presented through mass media?† I am interested in this particular research question because I have celebrities that are my idols and want to know if they have shaped who I am as a person and society. There are whole networks on television dedicated to what celebrities say, who they marry, their families, love lives, charity work, and inappropriate habits that lead to consequences and so on. I am interested in why society and I are so intrigued with celebrities’ lives, when in reality they are just people. Although they are just people, they influence our sense of style, music, movie choice, and aspirations. It is important to understand how celebrities are presented through mass media because sociology is the study of human science and being able to look at norms, values, and beliefs in a different light. The first example shown in the way celebrities are presented in mass media and how it affects people is the death of a royal icon, Princess Diana of Wales. She was killed in 1997 in a fatal car accident. Many years’ later fans and loved ones still wondered whether the paparazzi should be appointed to for the fatal crash. There have been recent studies about celebrities that say psychological involvement with a celebrity will have a social influence on the public. A survey was given right after Princess Diana’s death that compared people’s level of curiosity with Princess Diana as well as their wonderShow MoreRelatedAgenda Setting Theory And Social Media1317 Words   |  6 PagesTheory and Social Media The agenda-setting theory states that the media influences what people choose to think about. The theory emerged from communication studies and focuses on mass media and setting the public agenda. 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Nowadays, the media is widespread in society in different formsRead MoreThe Evolution And Portrayals Of Family Sitcoms Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesunnoticeable and what some families may feel is okay or may be uncomfortable with allowing in their household. Families in sitcoms all seem to display very different outlooks on how a family should function. Whether it pertains to family structure in the relationship between each other, career goals within the family or how to handle real life day to day struggles. Most importantly, some families are influenced without being aware of the advantages and disadvantages in the changes of the roles portrayedRead MoreIs Body Image Insecurity?1708 Words   |  7 Pagesinsecurity is an issue that a large majority of females in our world face on a daily basis. Celebrities have been idealized by the media to a point of unreachable standards, not always by their own desire. 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A large part of the study isRead MorePostmodern Art in Andy Warhol ´s Silvier Liz as Cleopatra1194 Words   |  5 Pagespostmodernism, art slowly deviated away from both the religious context it was originally created in, and apart from serving as a ritual function. Walter Benjamin, a German literary critic and philosopher during the 1900’s, strongly believed that the mass production of pieces has freed art from the boundaries of tradition, â€Å"For the first time in world history, mechanical reproduction emancipates the work of art from its parasitical dependance on ritual† (Benjamin 1992). This particular excerpt has aRead MoreWhat Is Mass Media? Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Mass Media ? Consider this for a moment: at whatever point you need to hear your main tune, watch your most loved show, or see the most recent current occasions, where do you go? You more than likely turn on your TV, radio, or PC. The source that most of the overall population uses to get their news and data from is viewed as broad communications. Mass media means technology that is intended to reach a mass audience. It is the primary means of communication used to reach the vast majorityRead MoreA Brief Note On Media Influenced American Culture1515 Words   |  7 PagesCasondra Garrison Eng. 207 Mrs. Whetstine Cultural Analysis Media Influenced in American Culture Back in the 1920s people had receive news and entertainment through the radio, which then in turn out-shined newspapers and magazines. Now day’s social media sites have become the most popular form to get the news and information. The biggest tool in the media that generates revenue by the millions every day, is advertising. The media has its way of showing us constructive information when it comesRead MoreHow Media Uses Different Methods Manipulate The Public And The Influence It Has On Society1411 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence that the media has. In this essay I will be analysing how the media uses different methods to manipulate the public and the influence it has on society and how it shapes public opinion, alongside public opinion in democracy now. I will also be discussing theories in which people don’t believe the media moulds the public’s opinions. The media industry is very essential but on the other hand the public opinion is indispensable, without th e public opinion there is no media. The media becomes an influentialRead MoreMedia Influences On American Culture1723 Words   |  7 PagesMedia Influenced in American Culture Back in the 1920s people had receive news and entertainment through the radio, which then in turn out-shined newspapers and magazines. Now day’s social media sites have become the most popular form to get the news and information. The biggest tool in the media that generates revenue by the millions every day, is advertising. The media has its way of showing us constructive information when it comes to news channels, travel and other educational shows. Kids benefit

Monday, December 16, 2019

Defining and Measuring Corruption Free Essays

string(151) " Also the coverage about corruption blurs the perceptions, because corrupt persons on a high governmental level are mostly able to manipulate reports\." Ackermann Rose 2008) Abuse is a worse description than only a false use as the term misuse of power implies. Albeit both terms have the same result, the term abuse of power implies a stronger illegal aspect and greater harmfulness than just a wrong use of power. Such an abuse of power is particularly expressed through the illegal use of willingness to pay which is a crucial criterion. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining and Measuring Corruption or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore in this definition the benefit solely relies on material, especially monetary, motivation and so it has to be consequently applied on other sorts of motivation. As we can see in this example it is going to be clear that the amount of money finally tips the scales whether a corrupt person really accepts the bribery or not. This is also easily applicable for the example of a Gestapo officer whose decision depend: on the amount of human lives which has to be high enough before he engages in to the risk. Power in connection with corruption can also be a in a form of a specific position which can be based on trust. This refers to fact that power can often only arise through trust and power needs in most of the cases corrupt persons with a certain position. So a politician always needs the trust of his citizens to get elected by them to his trustful position of power. (CB. Ephraim 2005) As a result the power term has to be extended on the trust aspect. Marc Philip shows another definition approach which is more technical because he differentiates between the different protagonists in a corruption process more detailed and gathers through listing of exceptions more precisely the overlaps and the exact consequences more appositely while he keeps in mind the above shown compositions. (CB. Philip 2006) At the starting point in this definition which refers explicitly to the public sector, but is however applicable to the private sectors using slight modifications, is an official (A) who acts against the norms of his agency and Hereford derogates the public (B) to obtain a benefit for a third party (C). Here it is to be declared that the norms of his agency are usually beneficial of the public so that he prefers private benefits for himself more than the social benefits for the community. Cases in that A is equal C seem to be marked through high ran king appointees who are involved in practicing systematic corruption. B equal C should be seen as another special case where the corrupted action is limited on the fact that A charges a tax for an advantage of C, while this advantage already legally belongs to C in the first place. Here the fact is important, that some of the worst cases of corruption are those which are not recorded by a specific definition because those tend to be institutionalized into an approved fixed form. Moreover this approach distinguishes between A-initialized and C-initialized corruption, whereas A-initialized corruption does not need necessarily C, while Scintillated corruption however always needs A. Hence official (A) and the structure of the affected function are in the centre of corruption, independent whether the official accepts bribes or a third party blackmails. To stretch this approach of political corruption to other sort of corruption is only a change of the protagonist’ s names necessary. For example at economic corruption it is more important to focus on the exploitation of the market. 2. 2 Measurement 2. 2. 1 Implications of definition for measurement The problematic of defining corruption directly affects the measurement of corruption and influences the findings. While it is quite intuitive to be comprehensive when trying to find a theoretical definition, specifications are more important when it comes to practically measure corruption. Measurement for itself needs a variation which measures according to something constant. The problem when corruption is tried to be measured is that there is no constant state of corruption, I. E. Corruption is regarded differently and there is no normal state of corruption as well as no real absence of corruption. Whatever is going to be measured, will not be measured against a natural standard, but has to be defined strictly. Therefore specifications of actors, the kind of corruption and the situational factors are crucial for correct measurement. A definition of corruption solely saying corruption is the aggregation of several incidents leads to errors in measurement, e. G. Taking the relative frequency of an incident, e. . Bribery, as a measure leads to an error in the findings as a country can be far more corrupt than another even though there might be no bribery at all but several other occurrences of corrupt actions. (Philip 2006) 22. 2 Methodology of measurement and problems Corruption happens in secrecy and only a small part of it happens openly. Unfortunately it is only possible to record this small known part thus the measurement of corruption is quite limited. Theoretically it is possible to measure corruption in different ways; first of all direct and focusing on experiences, secondly analyzing perceptions, thirdly using proxies and earthly applying more quantitative methods. The direct measurement of corruption is only possible by registered crimes. Looking at the amount of crimes it is not possible to determine whether corruption is not widespread or if the anti-corruption provisions are just effective in their function. Landforms 2006) Studies about crimes are more focusing on questioning about experiences. For example, the International Crime Survey asks first of all about perceptions and then directly about experiences. The answers show big differences between the interviewees’ subjective perceptions and experiences. Less than 2% in Italy and Great Britain have experience with corruption but the opinion about corruption in the public sector shows that it occurs about 15% in Italy and 7% in Great Britain. (Miller 2006) This difference shows that individual or statistical perceptions are not 100% trustful. Perceptions can be blurred through cultural settings and country- specific peculiarities. Also the coverage about corruption blurs the perceptions, because corrupt persons on a high governmental level are mostly able to manipulate reports. You read "Defining and Measuring Corruption" in category "Papers" (Miller 2006) Furthermore people notice probably phenomena because of the disability f heuristic more often when there are more reports about them in the media. (Taverns, Keenan 1974) So it is possible that signs which are based on perceptions like Transparency Internationally Corruption Perception Index and their influential public relations lead to a self-created bias in their measurements. Perceptions can also directly affect corruption when for example the population acts differently if they think their courts and police are corrupt or not. However the measurement of perceptions is often the only probate way to evaluate corruption. Cultural settings influence the definition of corruption but in practice it can be seen hat those differences do not have a big influence on the perception. For example the correlation is really high between perception of corruption in studies across the abutters of countries and the results of commercial agencies which evaluate the risk and development banks. Most of the studies and signs are based on surveys Of perception Of experts and individual protagonists in corrupt systems. The third method of measuring corruption is based on the assumption that corruption is determined by the presence or absence of specific measurable factors. The problem of this approach is that proxies are only opinions about notations of corruption and not about the corruption itself. Only the existence of the possibility of corruption means that there is in fact corruption. Glissando’s formula â€Å"corruption = monopoly position + closeness – duty of integrity† is one proxy based approach to measure corruption. Glissando’s model manifests three problems. First of all it claims that there is no integrity and everyone that has the possibility to be corrupt, is corrupt. Secondly, systems or protagonists are corrupt as soon as there is no perfect duty of integrity and it is expected that the duty of integrity cannot be corrupt. Thirdly, the formula implies a western way to organism political systems. This approach is described in the Transparency Internationally National Integrity System based on Egalitarian. The generalization and comparison of political systems is problematic because even western systems are very different to each Other. Philip 2006) Alternative ways have a more quantitative character which include more specific research methods. Those define the different sorts of corruption more exactly and consider the conditions under which they arise. The comparison between countries is based on an analysis between those entries instead of comparative signs. As a result of this it is possible to compare the police device of single countries without taking care about the political history. (Philip 2006) 2. 2. 3 Data acquisition As corruption is nontransparent, it is not possible to obtain direct data. Furthermore the protagonists try to falsify or dissemble data which implies using many different sources and methods in order to obtain reliable data. Apart from secondary analysis of already available sources and investigations of institutions in different countries there are several possibilities to collect data. Surveys about the perception, evaluation and experience with corruption among the public are the most used tool as these data can be classified into subjective (evaluation, experience, perception) and objective (number of incidents). It is important to check the representatives of the survey participants as most people do not get in contact with corruption on high level, but mostly on a low level, e. G. Bribing policemen. Such focus groups can be used for a qualitative predestination, on which further investigations rely. These groups can provide more detailed data about the reasons and the impact of different kinds of corruption than broad surveys. Also they can be used as an instrument for the development of solutions. Case studies can be quantitative or qualitative as they can explain specific incidents or be part of greater investigations. Using these data it is possible to give statements about the process of corruption as well as progress of anti- corruption provisions. Field enquiries are another tool which provides highly specific findings even over a longer time period. Observers can take an investigative role of a judge as they are able to collect data about certain asses of corruption. (Miller 2006) In higher developed countries expert opinions are furnished which concern different areas of corruption, e. G. The health care system or legislative. These expert opinions can provide findings about which mechanisms of anti-corruption provisions are working in which area. Comparing these expert opinions it is possible to explain weaknesses of different provisions. 2. 24 Analysis of data using indexes Indexes allow aggregating and evaluating data. The dimensions of corruption regarded in one index construct the feature space of the index and therefore fine the amount of information this index can provide. Unfortunately, there are no objective criteria that all relevant data are considered or that the considered data are really relevant. Schnabel 201 1) Different indexes from governmental or non-governmental institutions serve the different goals of the sponsors to present different views about the occurrence and spreading of corruption. Therefore it is important to take in account which institution published which index and which part of corruption is observed. The Corruption Perception Index (ICP) provided by Transparency Internat ional measures the public perception of corruption in 1 77 countries. This index measures the perception, spreading and visibility of corruption. Since 2013 the ICP relies on 13 different independently aggregated sources of data. In the years before it was not possible to compare the ICP from different years as it was computed relatively to other countries. Since 2012, only raw data and the latest available data are used which enables a comparison over time. Changing his â€Å"modus operandi†, Transparency International responded to critics from scientists. (Gallant 2006) The ICP is he most common index but yet it is not without controversy. The methodology Of the ICP falls into four categories: Firstly, the data have to quantify perceptions in different countries equally using reliable and valid methods. All sources see corruption as misuse of power for personal gain. The investigations have to be repeated often enough to guarantee a high enough variation in order to obtain reliable findings. Secondly, the data is standardized on a scale from 1-100. Thirdly, data from the different sources are averaged. A country can only be included in the ICP if there are at least three independent sources of data. The ICP finally is an estimated and averaged value of all available sources. Fourthly, using the variation, the standard derivation of a country is obtained which can help to check the statistical significance. The data on which perception-indexes rely are simple ordinal-scaled measurements; taking this into account, the method of scaling used in the ICP is totally sufficient. Here however it gets obvious that the problem lies within the collection of data. A solution for this problem is the use of multidimensional approaches to measure corruption as done in the World Wide Governance Indicator. Latest studies concerning the ICP however show that the ICP provides quite reliable data as well as it is possible to compare different countries using the ICP. Some suggestions for the ICP include the use of at least six different sources Of data as well as an adaptation of the standard error for countries with smaller population. Even though the ICP is statistically significant, the findings have to be handled with care. The main remaining problem is the one- sidedness towards the public sector. (Miller 2006) The World Wide Governance Indicator issued by the World Bank measures he quality of governments using objective data, expert opinions and surveys. The index relies on six dimensions, which are firstly â€Å"voice and accountability’ of political freedom rights, the opportunity to take part in politics and freedom of opinion, secondly the perceptions of political stability and the absence of politically motivated violence and terrorism, thirdly the perceptions of effectiveness of the government and the quality of their political actions, fourthly the regulative capabilities of the government to pursue reasonable political actions helping the development of private enterprises, fifthly constitutional legality and sixthly control of corruption. How to cite Defining and Measuring Corruption, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Emotional intelligence in Workplace-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Emotional intelligence in today's Workplace. Answer: Introduction The workplace can be defined as the exact location where individual works, either self-employed or working for his or her employer. On the other hand, Emotional intelligence is a virtue at work concerned with people at work relate. The relationship can be grouped into two groups. They include the relationship between colleagues, directors and the staff and the other group is the relationship between an organization and its stakeholders who in this case are the customers, competitors, suppliers, creditors and any other relevant persons or group of individual they partner in different ways or transact. According to (Marchant 2015) emotional leadership It is about leadership, teamwork, management skills and partnership. Founded on excellent practice and understanding of communication, the emotionally intelligent business consistently excels in all these areas and has insight into how this happens. Emotional intelligence is a virtue that is applicable in every life perspective and of mor e important is its application in business and workplace. Moreover according to (Barry 2016) is the ability for one to be able to know and manage individual emotions as well as managing other people emotions. He states that workplace emotional workplace intelligence is the ability to control emotions and at workplace or career and daily task. Importance of emotional intelligence Emotional intelligence and job performance Higgs (2004) found solid linkages between emotional intelligence t and execution. In an examination in a call focus condition indicated passionate knowledge is identified with work execution and self-administration bunch demonstrated the most grounded association with work execution and furthermore straightforwardly identified with the execution in a call focus condition (Nel and De Villiers, 2004). Notwithstanding, Gryn (2010) showed there is no the factually noteworthy connection between general passionate insight and employment execution. Nevertheless, the connection between passionate knowledge and employment execution appeared to be legitimate as a result of expanding pattern of businesses considering passionate knowledge of the candidates amid enrollment and choice process additionally in representative improvement programs (Chaudry and Usman, 2011) Emotional intelligence in workplace helps to keep healthy for duties Expert has conducted some studies and associated workplace emotional intelligence with one health. In the workplace, an individual ranging from manager to the junior stuff is exposed to a lot of issues and scenes that are can create room for stress. If an individual has not been trained or is not aware on he or she can handle matters raised by other people in the job area, his or her emotions towards some of these factors can lead to stress. Stress can lead to a poor health. Emotional intelligence in the workplace can help us manage stress gained in a workplace environment and maintain good overall health. Emotional intelligence affects one look and attitude towards job or career life. Just as stated above, workplace environment can expose us to lots of stress. This can lead to mood swings and depression. This, therefore, leads to less performance in the workplace. This can even contribute to even loss of a job. A person with a strong workplace emotional intelligence will not be a victim of such consequences since they can manage any stress and depression gained in course of their job or career. Moreover, when an individual has a good knowledge on their emotions and also their colleague emotions, they are in a position to communicate them in a positive and clear way and avoid being the reason why others may feel stressed rather be victims too. This helps us in understanding and relating to our colleagues. These help a person with a strong emotional intelligence build and strengthen the better working relationship. In addition to that, when one has a strong emotional intelligence, they can be able to discern other people intentions and emotions and this virtue helps managers resolve conflicts in the workplace. It also helps an individual with better emotional intelligence have better-negotiating skills since they can understand the desire of other people in the workplace within shorter periods and therefore they can provide for them what they require sooner that people with lesser emotional intelligence.(Bisk 2014) Emotional intelligence is workplace motivational tool Employees and people of better emotional intelligence have less procrastination. They possess self-confidence and therefore handle their daily job task and face a lot of desire to acquire the best of output. Better emotional intelligence also helps us in focusing on set goals and objective. Moreover, when we have a better emotional intelligence, we can be a position to understand other and know what can motivate them. This, therefore, is a very important virtue for a manager in the workplace since workers have to be motivated so as to give their best. This also helps in building a strong bond amongst employee/ colleagues and improves positive relations amongst them. A good leader in an organization should have better emotional intelligence. A good leader should be able to know the needs of the group of people he or she is leading even without necessarily them reporting to him or her. Motivation comes in when one need is attended or met and this in a workplace scene leads to better pe rformance. A leader or an individual can use emotional diversity in the development of strong team work. An organization comprising of employees that a are emotional intelligent benefits since the they are self-motivated and this makes the organization productive since they are goal oriented. These employees are also happy and confident with their tasks. This organization portrays better results due to team works since workers are able to work together.(Deleon 2010) How lack of emotional intelligence can disrupt one career. Insensitivity: people with this virtue are in most cases perceived as very uncaring. No one wants to work or be associated with an insensitive and uncaring person, therefore, lack emotional intelligence can distance someone away in the workplace. Arrogance: this is a negative virtue where these types of people seem to know it all. People with less emotional intelligence are always victims of this knowingly or unknowingly. Arrogance is not and can never be an employer seeking quality. Selfishness: one is termed as a selfish person when they only want to be listened to and their agendas considered. Volatility: these are people who dont consider impacts and consequences of acting out of anger. This can even to death and loss of job. Conclusion Its very crucial for every individual seeking for work or already practicing their career to learn to have a better emotional intelligence since that what employers are looking for in the candidates. One should know how to listen, understand and communicate with colleagues in a work situation. It is very crucial for any person to nurture their emotional intelligence as a way of learning and managing as well as mastering one's emotions and others emotions in a workplace environment. Works Cited Barry 2016, emotional intelligence, viewed 29 November 2017, https://www.ciphr.com/blog/emotional-intelligence/. Bisk 2014, Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace: What It Is and Why it Matters, viewed 29 Nov 2017, https://essentialsofbusiness.ufexec.ufl.edu/resources/leadership/emotional-intelligence-in-the-workplace-what-it-is-and-why-it-matters/#.Wh60SUqWbIV. Deleon, M 2010, The Importance of Emotional Intelligence at Work, viewed 29 November 2017, https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/245755. Marchant, 2015, emotional intelligence at work, viewed 29 November 2017, https://www.emotionalintelligenceatwork.com/resources/why-emotional-intelligence-is-important-in-the-workplace/.